Acceleration

In common speech, the term acceleration commonly is used for an increase in speed. 

Mass

Our way of giving up on the impossible task of defining mass is to say: mass is the measure of the amount of "stuff" in something. Mass relates to weight in that something with a mass of 1 pound on earth has a mass of 1 pound in space where it would be weightless. Mass is a function of the density and volume of an object. And an object's mass is the same no matter (pun) where it is.